What are the types of diseases and conditions that can be treated with Cord Blood Stem Cells and its potential applications?

Stem cells are at the forefront of one of the most fascinating and revolutionary areas of medicine today. Doctors recognise that stem cells have the potential to help treat numerous diseases by generating healthy new cells and tissue.

As a parent, you want to protect your family. At your baby’s birth, you have the unique opportunity to safeguard the health of the ones you love by storing his/her precious cord blood stem cells.

Stem cells in your baby’s cord blood have the potential to be used in the treatment of many diseases today. Stem cells could be used to treat haematopoietic and genetic disorders. In a cord blood transplant, stem cells are infused into a patient’s bloodstream where they go to work - healing and repairing damaged cells and tissue. Upon successful engraftment of the stem cells, the patient’s blood and immune system are regenerated.

There are a wide range of diseases that are treatable with stem cells derived from cord blood and other sources of similar type of stem cells (Haematopoietic Stem Cell), like bone marrow and peripheral blood, including stem cell disorders, acute and chronic forms of leukaemia, myeloproliferative disorders, and many more.

In addition to the host of conditions that can now be treated, it is the potential of stem cell treatments that holds the most excitement as research continues to uncover new possibilities. The potential and efficacy of treating diseases with stem cells are real.

Diseases Treated with Stem Cells

The following is a list of some of the diseases that have been treated with cord blood and other sources of similar type of stem cells (Haematopoietic Stem Cell), like bone marrow and peripheral blood. Stem cell therapies continue to change and evolve quickly.

Download the list of treatable diseases.

1. BLOOD CANCERS

LEUKAEMIA

• Acute Biphenotypic Leukaemia
• Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia
• Acute Myelogenous Leukaemia
• Acute Undifferentiated Leukaemia
• Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia
• Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
• Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukaemia
• Juvenile Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia

MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASMS

• Acute Myelofibrosis
• Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia
• Essential Thrombocythemia
• Polycythemia Vera

MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES

• Refractory Anaemia
• Refractory Anaemia with Excess Blasts
• Refractory Anaemia with Excess Blasts in Transformation
• Refractory Anaemia with Ringed Sideroblasts (Sideroblastic Anaemia)
• Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukaemia

OTHER BLOOD CANCERS

• Multiple Myeloma
• Plasma Cell Leukaemia
• Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia
• Histiocytic Neoplasms

2. SOLID TUMORS

• Hodgkin Lymphoma
• Langerhans' Cell Histiocytosis
• Neuroblastoma
• Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (Burkitt’s Lymphoma)
• Retinoblastoma
• Medulloblastoma
• Wilms Tumor

3. NON MALIGNANT BLOOD DISORDERS

ANAEMIAS (DEFICIENCIES OR MALFORMATIONS OF RED CELLS)

• Aplastic Anaemia
• Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anaemia
• Fanconi’s Anaemia
• Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

HEREDITARY BONE MARROW FAILURE SYNDROMES

• Diamond Blackfan Syndrome
• Dyskeratosis Congenita
• Pearson’s Syndrome
• Shwachman Diamond Syndrome

INHERITED RED CELL ABNORMALITIES

• Pure Red Cell Aplasia
• Sickle Cell Anaemia
• Beta Thalassemia Major/Cooley’s Anaemia

INHERITED PLATELET ABNORMALITIES

• Congenital Amegakaryocytosis Thrombocytopenia
• Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia

4. IMMUNE DISORDERS

SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY (SCID)

• Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome
• Omenn Syndrome
• Reticular Dysgenesis
• Neutrophil Actin Deficiency
• SCID with Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency (ADA SCID)
• SCID which is X linked
• SCID with absence of T & B Cells
• SCID with absence of T Cells, Normal B Cells

NEUTROPENIAS

• Kostmann Syndrome (Infantile Genetic Agranulocytosis)
• Myelokathexis

PHAGOCYTE DISORDERS

• Chediak Higashi Syndrome
• Chronic Granulomatous Disease

INHERITED DISORDERS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM & OTHER ORGANS

• Cartilage Hair Hypoplasia
• Gunther’s Disease (Congenital Erythropoietic Protoporphyria)
• Systemic Mastocytosis

OTHER INHERITED IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDERS

• Common Variable Immunodeficiency
• DiGeorge Syndrome
• Evans Syndrome
• Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
• IKK Gamma Deficiency (NEMO Deficiency)
• IPEX Syndrome
• Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency
• Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome
• X linked Lymphoproliferative Disease (Duncan’s Syndrome)
• X linked Hyper IgM Syndrom
• Ataxia-Telangiectasia

5. METABOLIC DISORDERS

LEUKODYSTROPHY DISORDERS

• Adrenoleukodystrophy
• Krabbe Disease (Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy)
• Metachromatic leukodystrophy
• Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease

LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISEASES

• Alpha Mannosidosis
• Gaucher’s Disease
• Niemann Pick Disease
• Sandhoff Disease
• Wolman Disease

MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS (MPS) STORAGE DISEASES

• Hunter Syndrome
• Hurler Syndrome
• Maroteaux Lamy Syndrome
• Mucolipidosis II (I-cell Disease)
• Morquio Syndrome
• Sanfilippo Syndrome
• Scheie Syndrome
• Sly Syndrome (beta glucuronidase deficiency)

OTHER METABOLIC DISORDERS

• Lesch–Nyhan Syndrome
• Osteopetrosis
• Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome

Banking cord blood does not guarantee that the cells will provide a cure or be applicable in every situation. Use will be ultimately determined by the treating physician.

Clinical Trials

With the advancement of stem cell* research, the potential for future use of stem cell grows.

Below is a list of diseases currently under clinical trials. These are diseases for which stem cell* treatments appear to be beneficial, but have not been adopted as standard therapy. For some of these diseases, stem cell transplants only slow the progression of the disease, but do not produce a cure. For other diseases, stem cell treatments may help effect a cure, but further research is needed to determine the best candidate patients for stem cell therapy, the optimum stem cell dosage, the optimum method of cell delivery, etc.

For some patients, clinical research trials are an alternative avenue for receiving new and promising therapies that would otherwise be unavailable. Patients with difficult-to-treat or ‘incurable’ diseases, such as HIV or certain types of cancer, may choose to participate in clinical research trials should standard therapies prove to be ineffective. Clinical research trials are sometimes lifesaving.

For the latest information, please visit www.clinicaltrials.gov

• Alzheimer’s Disease
• Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
• Autism
• Brain Tumour
• Cardiomyopathy
• Cartilage repair
• Cerebral palsy
• Cleft Palate Repair (Alveolar)
• Compartment Syndrome (Battlefield Trauma)
• Critical Limb Ischemia
• Crohn's disease
• Diabetes Type 1
• Epidermolysis Bullosa
• Ewing Sarcoma
• Graft versus Host Disease (GvHD)
• Hearing Loss (acquired sensorineural)
• HIV
• Huntington’s Disease
• Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
• Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE)
• Ischemic Heart Disease
• Ischemic Stroke
• Kidney plus stem cell transplant
• Liver cirrhosis
• Lupus
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Myocardial Infarction
• Open cardiac surgery for congenital heart diseases
• Ovarian Cancer (Link to clinical trials)
• Parkinson’s Disease
• Rhabdomyosarcoma
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Scleroderma
• Spinal cord injury
• Testicular Tumour
• Tissue Engineered Vascular Grafts for cardiac defects
• Traumatic Brain Injury

Reference:

• Cord Blood Registry Website 3 August 2011
• Parent's Guide to Cord Blood Foundation 20 March 2014
• National Marrow Donor Program 3 August 2011
• Clinical Trials 3 August 2011
• MedicineNet, 2012. Definition of Clinical Trials, 1 February 2014
• Diseases treated page. Parent's Guide to Cord Blood Foundation. Accessed Dec 2015.
• Stem cell treatment page. Cord Blood Registry Website. Accessed Dec 2015
• Clincial trial registry page. ClinicalTrials.gov. Accessed Dec 2015.

The above list of diseases is a compilation from the above websites and other sources such as medical literatures and journals. Kindly approach us at (65) 6238 0808 or info@cordlife.com to request for a particular medical journal / literature.

*Stem cells mentioned here comprises of other cell lines such as Mesenchymal stem cells. The clinical trials and experimental treatments listed above may be using other lines of stem cells, and not only haematopoietic stem cells.

DCR No. 3321, September 2017